Billionaire convicts and inmates

Bukan senang hendak berharta dan kaya raya ini.  Matlamat tidak boleh menghalalkan tindakan.  Sesuatu tindakan akan membawa akibatnya.  (Every action will be met with a reaction).

Begitu jugalah jika harta dan pendapatan yang yang kita didapati adalah melalui riba' dan rasuah tidak akan mendatangkan ketenteraman jiwa yang abadi.  Biarlah tidak terlalu kaya sangat asalkan kita tidak bergelumang dalam riba'. Kita bersifat sederhana dalam kekayaan kita. 

Dalam theori material dialektisma mula-mula ada thesis yang dilawan oleh satu antithesis yang kemudiannya menghasilkan satu synthesis baru.

Sebagai contoh di Peranchis pada abad ke lapan belas dalam Revolusi Peranchis,  gulungan feudalisma  King Louis V1 digilotin oleh satu  revolusi yang bersifat satu gerakan sosial dan politik yang radikal.  Kemudiannya revolusi tersebut telah memakan dirinya sendiri.  Pemimpin agung mereka  Robespierre sendiri turut menerima nasib kena gilotin .  Akhirnya timbul pemerintahan pimpinan Napoleon Bonaparte yang bersandarkan ketenteraan yang membawa keamanan dan ketenteraman awam.  Rakyat Peranchis telah muak dan bosan dengan ketidakstabilan revolusi tersebut.  Butir lanjut mengenai Revolusi Peranchis adalah seperti berikut:

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new Enlightenment principles of citizenship and inalienable rights.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General in May. The first year of the Revolution witnessed members of the Third Estate proclaiming the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in July, the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August, and an epic march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October. The next few years were dominated by tensions between various liberal assemblies and a conservative monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms. A republic was proclaimed in September 1792 and King Louis XVI was executed the next year. External threats also played a dominant role in the development of the Revolution. The French Revolutionary Wars started in 1792 and ultimately featured spectacular French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian peninsula, the Low Countries, and most territories west of the Rhine—achievements that had defied previous French governments for centuries. Internally, popular sentiments radicalized the Revolution significantly, culminating in the brutal Reign of Terror from 1793 until 1794. After the fall of Robespierre and the Jacobins, the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795 and held power until 1799, when it was replaced by the Consulate under Napoleon Bonaparte.
The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism, the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution. Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of the monarchy, and two additional revolutions as modern France took shape. In the following century, France would be governed at one point or another as a republic, constitutional monarchy, and two different empires.




Billionaire convicts and inmates

By Elena Torrijos – June 4th, 2010

 

re-posted courtesy of Forbes
by Keren Blankfeld

28 May 2010, 12:25 PM ET

Wong Kwong Yu, 41 (photo above), was once one of China’s most celebrated and wealthiest entrepreneurs. He was the nation’s richest person in 2006. Now he is behind bars, sentenced last week to 14 years in jail after having been convicted of insider trading and bribery.

Another former Asian billionaire could be in even hotter water. Thailand’s former prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, was charged with terrorism this week. The Thai government claims he is responsible for spurring the anti-government Red Shirts during the violent chaos that inflamed the streets of Bangkok over the past two months leaving 88 dead. Thaksin denies involvement.

This isn’t the first time that Thaksin, who made his fortune in telecom, has been in legal trouble. In 2006 he was ousted from the Thai government and in 2008 he was convicted in absentia to two years in prison on corruption charges. He never made it behind bars as he was already out of the country when convicted, reportedly having fled to Dubai. But his family lost the bulk of its money, which was seized by the government. This time, if he were caught, the consequences would be graver. The former billionaire, who has told reporters from his undisclosed location that he did not incite violence, could face the death penalty.

Behind bars

These two tycoons are just the latest examples of a long line of ultra rich outlaws, outcasts and convicts throughout history. There are today at least three former billionaires behind bars in addition to Wong. They include Russia’s Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev, who have already spent seven years in jail and are now on trial for additional charges. Khodorkovsky and his supporters have strenuously denied allegations against him, claiming he is a political prisoner whose outspoken criticism of prime minister Vladimir Putin cost him his freedom. Also locked up is R. Allen Stanford, the Texan financier accused (though not yet convicted) of running an $8 billion Ponzi scheme. Italy’s Calisto Tanzi, Parmalat’s co-founder was sentenced to 10 years in jail in 2008 for masterminding Europe’s largest bankruptcy; he appealed, but the decision was recently upheld.

Rather than go to prison, other billionaires and former billionaires like Thaksin have opted to adapt to a life in exile or a life on the run from the law.
  
On the run

Joaquim Guzman Loera (“El Chapo”), the world’s most wanted billionaire, has a $5 million reward being offered for any information leading to his capture. El Chapo has been on the run for nine years after reportedly escaping from jail in a laundry cart in 2001. Even while on the run, however, he’s been making a fortune selling drugs through the Sinaloa cartel, one of the biggest suppliers of cocaine to the United States.
The Uzan family in Turkey, worth $1.6 billion in 2001, has its share of members in exile or in hiding. Just this April, Cem Uzan was convicted of various charges, including fraud and bribery. He’s reportedly in exile in France avoiding his sentence of 23 years in prison. His father, Kemal, and brother, Hakan, are also suspects in the case. The outlaw family has been out of billionaire ranks since 2004 when the Turkish government seized more than 200 of its companies in an attempt to collect an alleged $5.9 billion in debt.

At least three other former or current billionaires have spent time in jail including domestic queen Martha Stewart, who spent five months in prison for obstruction of justice, and mall tycoon A. Alfred Taubman, who was behind bars for nine months for allegedly rigging art auctions. Both have returned to their respective empire helms; Taubman, worth $1.5 billion as of our last billionaire list in March, even wrote a book detailing his time behind bars. Stewart is still a multimillionaire but no longer anywhere close to being a billionaire.

Bounced back

Indeed, sometimes convictions are merely temporary setbacks. Three Korean billionaires charged with fraud have all been pardoned and are now running their firms. Chey Tae-Won, chairman of SK Group, South Korea’s third-largest conglomerate by assets, spent seven months in prison after being convicted of accounting fraud in 2003. He subsequently rejoined his company as chairman and was pardoned in 2008. Samsung Electronic’s chairman Lee Kun-Hee was convicted on charges of tax evasion and ordered to pay $130 million in overdue taxes, but he was pardoned in December. He has since returned to his role as chairman of Samsung Electronics, one of the biggest electronics companies in the world.

Currently awaiting an October trial, Galleon Group hedge fund titan Raj Rajaratnam, is hoping to keep his life outside the confines of a cell. Rajaratnam, who is out on bail, is accused of being at the center of a massive insider-trading ring. Although he denies wrongdoing, one of the other accused ring members, Mark Kurland, was sentenced this month to more than two years in jail. But Rajaratnam has reason to be optimistic. This week his lawyer said the Justice Department and SEC are looking into allegations that prosecutors leaked nonpublic information to the media.

Charges of prosecutorial misconduct worked to another accused billionaire’s advantage this year. Henry T. Nicholas, Broadcom’s co-founder, faced two trials this year and a potential 360 years in prison. He’d been charged with 21 counts of options backdating and 4 counts of drug conspiracy. In January, however, a California federal district judge unexpectedly threw out the charges on the basis of prosecutorial misconduct. Nicholas didn’t even have to show up for his day in court.

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