Nama Universiti Harvard adalah sempena nama John Harvard yang pertama sekali membantu Universiti tersebut semasa ia mula2 ditubuhkan sebagai sebuah Kolej
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| John Harvard | |
|---|---|
 John Harvard Statue at Harvard University. | |
| Born | November 26, 1607 Southwark, England |
| Died | September 14, 1638 (aged 30) Charlestown, Massachusetts |
| Occupation | pastor |
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[edit] Biography
Harvard was born and raised in Southwark, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite the City of London. He was the fourth of nine children, the son of Robert Harvard (1562–1625), a butcher and tavern owner, and his wife, Katherine Rogers (1584–1635), a native of Stratford-upon-Avon whose father, Thomas Rogers (1540–1611), is sometimes thought to have been an associate of John Shakespeare, the father of William Shakespeare (1564–1616). He was baptised at the parish church (now Southwark Cathedral) in 1607.[3] John Harvard was educated at St Saviour's Grammar School in Southwark, where his father Robert was a governor.In 1625, his father, a stepsister, and two brothers died of the plague. Of his immediate family, only his mother and one brother, Thomas, remained. She remarried to John Elletson (1580–1626) who died within months of their marriage, and then to Richard Yearwood (1580–1632) in 1627. Harvard entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, then a Puritan stronghold, in December 1627 and received his B.A. in 1632.[4] Katherine died in 1635 and Thomas in the spring of 1637. John married Ann Sadler (1614–55), of Ringmer, Sussex, in April, 1636, daughter of the Rev. John Sadler and sister of Harvard's contemporary, John Sadler, the lawyer and orientalist.
In May 1637 he emigrated with his wife to New England and settled in Charlestown, where many of his classmates had arrived before him. Charlestown made him the minister of the Church, but within the following year he contracted tuberculosis and died on September 14, 1638. He is buried at the Phipps Street Burying Ground in Charlestown.
Childless, Harvard bequeathed £779 17s 2d[3] (half of his estate) and his library of around 400 volumes to the New College at nearby Cambridge, which had been founded on September 8, 1636, and to his friend, the first schoolmaster of this college, Nathaniel Eaton. Eaton's Records indicate that the building of the new college began immediately in 1638 with the assistance of the carpenter Thomas Meakins and/or his son, Thomas Meakins, Jr. of Charlestown. It was completely constructed of wood, with a stone foundation and cellar, had its own apple orchard, and was apparently equipped with live-in accommodations for some 30 students, as there were at least that many attendant within the first year.
The school renamed itself "Harvard College" on March 13, 1639. Harvard was first referred to as a university rather than a college by the new Massachusetts Constitution of 1780.
No records or illustrations remain of the earliest college, which burnt to the ground in 1764 along with all but one of Harvard's original 400 volume donation.[5][6]
[edit] Statue
A statue of John Harvard, sculpted by Daniel Chester French, sits in Harvard Yard at Harvard University. Despite its name, the statue does not depict the true likeness of John Harvard, as the sculptor had no accurate image to work from.[7] The statue, known by Harvard tour guides as the statue of three lies, claims that it depicts John Harvard, Founder, 1638, but in reality Harvard was a contributor, not the founder; the institution was founded in 1636; and the statue is actually a likeness of someone else.[7] French used a student as a model.[8][9]The statue is located centrally in Harvard Yard, next to University Hall. The Harvard University Band plays in front of the statue after home game victories. Tour guides often tell visitors it is good luck to rub John Harvard's left foot. There is, however, among Harvard undergraduate students a longstanding tradition of urinating on the statue at night.[10]
The statue is depicted on a 1986 United States Postal Service 56 cent postage stamp, as part of the Great Americans series. It also appears in 2010 film The Social Network.[11]
[edit] References
- ^ "John Harvard Facts, Information.". The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-17. "English minister in America and first major benefactor of Harvard College. He bequeathed £780 (half his estate) and his library of 320 volumes to the new established college at Cambridge, Mass., which was named in his honor."
- ^ "John Harvard (British minister)". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2009-07-17. "he directed that half his money, along with his collection of classical and theological literature, be given to a [certain] school recently created...Harvard's gift assured its continued operation"
- ^ a b Rowston, Guy (2006). Southwark Cathedral — The authorised Guide.
- ^ Harvard, John in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses, Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922–1958.
- ^ "Tale of John Harvard's surviving book". Harvard University. Retrieved 2009-03-23.[dead link]
- ^ Marbled Paper. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1990. ISBN 0812281888.
- ^ a b Landmarks at Harvard Access date March 2, 2008
- ^ John Harvard Statue Access date March 2, 2008
- ^ Harvard's Statue of 3 Lies Access date March 2, 2008
- ^ http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/12/18/the-truth-about-john-harvard-p/
- ^ Scott catalog # 2191.
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